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India's Supreme Court refuses to legalize same-sex marriage, says it is up to govt_我的网站

A |      8 月 26 日消息，据新华社今日报道，首都师范大学生命科学学院昆虫演化与环境变迁教育部创新团队联合国内外多个科研团队，通过对内蒙古宁城县道虎沟地区侏罗纪时期化石螽斯的研究，首次证实昆虫超声波通讯在距今 1.65 亿年前的中侏罗世已经出现。

B | 相关研究成果于 2026 年 8 月 26 日在线发表于《美国科学院院刊》（PNAS）。研究团队选取了燕辽生物群中 9 种、20 件雄性螽斯前翅标本，与现仅分布在四川的螽斯孑遗类群长生铁鸣螽进行对照研究。团队搭建了“化石翅形态 — 翅共振模拟 — 音节重构 — 鸣声时序预测”的古动物声学重建流程，用以复原远古昆虫完整鸣声的声学特征。论文共同通讯作者、首都师范大学教授任东介绍，9 种化石螽斯的鸣声频率覆盖 5kHz 至 20.5kHz 区间，其中 5 个物种为 5kHz 至 7kHz 的低频纯音，其余 4 个物种分布于 8kHz 至 20.5kHz 的中高频区间。化石物种奇异曲阿博鸣螽的载波频率可达 20.5kHz，证实中侏罗世已存在真正意义上的超声通讯类昆虫。    NEW DELHI -- India’s top court on Tuesday refused to legalize same-sex marriages, passing the responsibility back to Parliament in a ruling that disappointed campaigners for LGBTQ+ rights in the world's most populous country. Chief Justice DY Chandrachud also urged the government to uphold the rights of the queer community and end discrimination against them. Earlier this year, the five-judge bench heard 21 petitions that sought to legalize same-sex marriage. Chandrachud said there were degrees of agreement and disagreement among the justices “on how far we have to go” on same-sex marriages, but a majority of the judges agreed that the court cannot grant LGBTQ+ people the right to marry as that is a legislative function. “This court can’t make law. It can only interpret it and give effect to it,” the chief justice said, reiterating that it was up to Parliament to decide whether it could expand marriage laws to include queer unions.One of the petitioners, Mario da Penha, said it was “a day to be disappointed but not to lose hope.”“There's been tremendous work that has gone into these petitions, and many hopes and dreams of the queer community attached to them - to lead lives that most other Indians take for granted. The fact that the dream could not come to fruition today is a disappointment for all of us,” he said.He added that it was not yet clear if the court had set a mandate or timeline for Parliament to act. “Without that mandate, there is no pressure on Parliament to enact any legislation.”“There are queer couples today that are already families and in relationships, and are pillars of society. That they are not afforded the dignity and rights that they are due is deeply disappointing,” said Karuna Nundy, one of the lawyers representing the petitioners. Legal rights for LGBTQ+ people in India have been expanding over the past decade, mostly as a result of the Supreme Court’s intervention. In 2018, the top court struck down a colonial-era law that had made gay sex punishable by up to 10 years in prison and expanded constitutional rights for the gay community. The decision was seen as a historic victory for LGBTQ rights, with one judge saying it would “pave the way for a better future."Despite this progress, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government resisted the legal recognition of same-sex marriage and rejected several petitions in favor. During the hearings, the government argued that a marriage is only between a biological male and a biological woman, adding that same-sex marriages went against religious values and that the petitions reflected only “urban elitist views”. Religious groups too had opposed same-sex unions, saying they went against Indian culture.Adish Aggarwala, the president of the Supreme Court bar association, said the court had done the right thing by recognizing that this was a job for Parliament, an argument the government also made during the hearings. Lawyers for the petitioners argued that marriage is between two people, not just a man and woman. They said concepts of marriage have gradually changed with time and laws should acknowledge that. By not recognizing such unions, the government was depriving same-sex couples of their right to equality enshrined in the constitution and rights enjoyed by married heterosexual couples, from adoption and medical insurance to pensions and inheritance, they argued. “This court needs to push society to acknowledge same-sex marriage,” one of the lawyers said.Petitioners were hopeful that the Supreme Court could challenge the government’s position.But even as some of the justices urged that the state must make sure queer couples don't face harassment or discrimination in accessing basic needs, like opening a joint bank account, they stopped short of granting legal recognition to same-sex unions. Instead, the court accepted the government's offer to set up a special panel that will explore granting social and legal benefits to same-sex couples. Homosexuality has long carried a stigma in India’s traditional society, even though there has been a shift in attitudes toward same-sex couples in recent years. India now has openly gay celebrities and some high-profile Bollywood films have dealt with gay issues. According to a Pew survey, acceptance of homosexuality in India increased by 22 percentage points to 37% between 2013 and 2019.But same-sex couples often face harassment in many Indian communities, whether Hindu, Muslim or Christian.India is estimated to have at least 2.5 million LGBTQ+ people, according to government figures from 2012. However, gay rights activists and global estimates believe they number at least 10% of the population, or more than 135 million.In May, Taiwan became the first jurisdiction in Asia to recognize same-sex marriages. In July, Nepal's Supreme Court issued an interim order enabling the registration of same-sex marriages for the first time. It is still not clear when the court would make its final decision on the case.。此前学界长期认为，超声通讯类昆虫是为应对蝙蝠捕食而演化形成的。该项研究明确了超声通讯类昆虫的演化起源发生在蝙蝠出现之前，比始新世蝙蝠早出现超过 1 亿年。研究还发现，9 种化石螽斯的鸣叫声频谱范围异常狭窄，即“纯音”（注：指频率成分单一的声波）。这种纯音鸣唱会降低捕食者对声源的定位能力 —— 侏罗纪早期哺乳动物虽具备一定高频听觉，但其中耳结构对纯音的方位分辨能力较弱。

C | 因此，侏罗纪螽斯演化出纯音鸣唱，被认为是对抗捕食者窃听的关键演化适应。

D | 任东团队与英国布里斯托大学曾于 2012 年首次复原了道虎沟地区中侏罗世螽斯物种“悦耳古鸣螽”的鸣叫声。此次新成果不仅首次证实昆虫超声波通讯已在侏罗纪时期出现，还完整重建了史前森林螽斯群落的声景。任东表示，该研究“穿越 1.65 亿年听见侏罗纪时期的虫鸣”，建立起中生代昆虫-哺乳类双向声学选择的新理论，完善了陆地动物听觉与发声协同演化体系。附论文地址：
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2615107123。

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